Tracheostomy Nursing Care

Caring for a patient with a tracheostomy involves several important steps to ensure safety, comfort, and effective airway management. Here’s an overview of essential nursing care:

1. Assessment

• Airway Patency: Check for breath sounds and assess for any signs of obstruction.
• Skin Integrity: Inspect the stoma and surrounding skin for irritation or infection.
• Ventilation: Monitor respiratory rate, effort, and oxygen saturation.

2. Stoma Care

• Cleansing: Clean the stoma daily with saline or mild soap and water; pat dry gently.
• Dressing: Change the dressing as needed, using sterile technique to prevent infection.
• Securing the Tube: Ensure the tracheostomy tube is secure but not too tight, which can cause skin breakdown.

3. Tube Management

• Suctioning: Perform suctioning as needed to clear secretions; use sterile technique.
• Cuff Management: If the tube has a cuff, check for proper inflation and deflation according to protocol.
• Replacement: Be prepared to replace the tracheostomy tube if it becomes dislodged, following facility protocols.

4. Respiratory Care

• Humidification: Ensure adequate humidity to prevent mucus plugging; use a heated humidifier if necessary.
• Positioning: Elevate the head of the bed to facilitate breathing and promote comfort.